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1. The **Sputnik Crisis** in the United States was a cultural reaction to the launch of the first artificial satellite in 1957. Which country launched Sputnik 1?
The Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik 1 shocked the United States, as it suggested that the Soviets were ahead in the technological race. This led to a national cultural re-evaluation, particularly in science and education funding, and intensified the Space Race.